![]() On the contrary, other scholars believe that agricultural outsourcing is a more effective management strategy for small farms. According to Ruttan, small farmers only need small machinery to complete some tasks of agricultural production, and the labor market division is limited. However, until the beginning of the 20 th century, some scholars still held a cautious attitude towards agricultural production outsourcing services. With the development of agricultural technology, some data showed that the outsourcing services of land preparation and harvest appeared in Africa and the United States from the 18 th century to the 19 th century. At that time, due to the traditional manual labor as the main agricultural technology, and the scale is not enough, professional division of labor was mainly applied in industry. ![]() ![]() Its concept can be traced back to Adam Smith’s understanding of specialization in the wealth of nations in the 17 th century. Outsourcing is a manifestation of specialization. ![]()
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